ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) TOOLS

• Elicit: Use AI to search, summarize, extract data from, and chat with over 125 million papers.

• ResearchRabbit: A citation-based literature mapping tool.

• Consensus: A search engine that uses AI to find insights in research papers.

• Scholarcy: Can summarize articles in most European languages. Users can find highlights, summaries, comparative analysis, and full text in the original language.

• Alethea (still in beta): Facilitates meaningful engagement with academic texts, class readings, and assignments through personalized and adaptive guidance

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) CREATING WRITING ASSIGNMENTS

• AI Prompt Library : Can be used for use in classrooms to help instructors with preparation and teaching, created by Ethan Mollick

• Working with AI: Two paths to prompting, by Ethan Mollick

• AI-Generated text considerations for teaching & learning writing (University of Wisconsin-Madison collaborative document for faculty integration in teaching)

• Quillbot: A grammar and writing checker that also provides summary, paraphrase, plagiarism checking, and good translation for 45 languages.

• ChatGPT: Enables users to refine and steer a conversation towards a desired length, format, style, level of detail, and language.

• Claude: An alternative to Chat GPT and is often described as generating text with more nuance and texture than Chat GPT.

RESOURCES TRAINEES CAN USE

• Phrasebank (University of Bradford): Lists phrases commonly used in research writing, organized by category. These are very helpful to novice writers.

• Academic Phrasebank (University of Manchester): Aims to provide you with examples of the phraseological ‘nuts and bolts’ of writing organised according to the main sections of a research paper or dissertation, as well as the more general communicative functions of academic writing.

• Reducing Informality in Academic Writing (George Mason University): Language features that usually contribute to informality and examples of more formal alternatives from The Writing Center at GMU.

• How to Improve your Writing through Freewriting Exercises (Peter Elbow)

• The Thesis Whisperer: A blog dedicated to the topic of doing a PhD and completing a dissertation, managed and edited by Associate Professor Inger Mewburn (Director of Researcher Development, Australian National University). This set of slides [Your academic writing trouble (and how to fix it)] is particularly helpful.

• Duke Graduate School Scientific Writing Resource: A general resources for scientific writing with lots of examples and problems for mentee to work on.

• 25 Writing Prompts to Fuel Your Academic Argument (Sarah Tynen, University of Colorado Boulder)

• Joining a conversation: the problem/gap/hook heuristic (Lorelei Lingard, The Writers Craft Column, Perspectives on Medical Education): Tips and perspective on how to write a compelling introduction.

• Organizing Your Research Paper: The C.A.R.S. [Creating A Research Space] Model (Research Guides, USC Libraries): Offers detailed guidance on how to develop, organize, and write a college-level research paper in the social and behavioral sciences.

• Writing in the Sciences (Course SOM-Y0010, Stanford School of Medicine): This course teaches scientists to become more effective writers, using practical examples and exercises. Topics include: principles of good writing, tricks for writing faster and with less anxiety, the format of a scientific manuscript, and issues in publication and peer review. It is offered for free via Coursera.

• The Science of Scientific Writing (Gopen & Swan, American Scientists)

• Procrastinate Much? Manage Your Emotions, Not Your Time (Adam Grant, New York Times)

• Are You Confused by Scientific Jargon? So Are Scientists (Katherine Kornei, New York Times)

RESOURCES FOR MENTORS

• 9 Tools for the Accidental Writing Teacher (Vitae User, ChronicleVitae): Here are nine ideas to help you preserve your sanity and improve your students’ writing.

• Teaching with Writing: Informal Writing Activities (Center for Writing, University of Minnesota): Brief activities designed to help students develop and distill their writable ideas and provide targeted revision practice that they can apply to their works in progress.

• Teaching with Writing: Faculty Writing Groups/Retreats (Center for Writing, University of Minnesota): Tips and tricks for setting up writing groups/retreats.

• Sample Email - Setting Up a Writing Retreat

• Setting Up a Writing Critique Group (Tacey A. Rosolowski, The Write Stuff)

• We Know What Works in Teaching Composition (Doug Hesse, The Chronicle of Higher Education): Students needed help developing and deploying their ideas and matching their writing with the expectations of various disciplines.

• Learning to Improve: Using Writing to Increase Critical Thinking Performance in General Education Biology (Ian J. Quitadamo and Martha J. Kurtz, CBE-Life Sciences Education)

• Why Kids Can’t Write: Some say English instruction must get back to basics, with a focus on grammar. But won’t that stifle a student’s personal voice? (Dana Goldstein, New York Times)

• Writing Productivity Ep. 1: Diagnosing Trainee Barriers to Writing Productivity [video - see below; 11:05] (Shine Chang)

• Writing Productivity Ep. 2: Shine's Specific Strategies for Specific Barriers [video - see below; 23:59] (Shine Chang)

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY TOOLS

• Zotero: Free and open-source reference management software with multiple functionalities including sorting items into collections, tagging with keywords, and creating bibliographies.

• Mendeley: Free reference management software that includes the ability to create a reference library, bibliographies, and collate your highlights and notes from multiple PDFs.

• Perusall: E-reader for collectively annotating readings in threads, responding to each other’s comments, and interacting asyncronously.

OUTSOURCING GRAMMAR

• Grammarly: An AI-powered writing assistant.

• Microsoft Editor: Grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling checker with free and premium versions.

• PerfectIt: Another proofreading software for checking technical editing points.

• Wordtune: An AI writing tool that rewrites, rephrases, and rewords your writing.

• Self-editing checklist (Office of Grants and Fellowships, University of Notre Dame)

• Hemingway Editor: This editor app highlights your texts in different colors to show errors and weaknesses as well as assesses its readability score for comprehension.

• Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab (OWL): Another very helpful site offering guidance in grammar, paragraph organization, document organization, and more.

• Grammar Bytes: Interactive grammar exercises.

• Useful Words and Phrases (Lund University): Scaffolding writing tool with helpful guidance in various topics including grammar, paragraph organization, document organization, and more.

• American Medical Writers Association Freelance Directory: A source to find freelance editors of all kinds.

• Don’t focus on English at the expense of your science (Zhanna Anikina, Nature Career Column)

• Improving scientific communication with service, education and career development (Amanda Dicks, et al, Nature Biotechnology Career Feature): Description of a trainee-run editing program at Washington University in St. Louis.

• Finding Writing Support for Trainees [video - see below; 11:14] (Jennifer Shade Wilson)

BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS

• Engaging Ideas: The Professor’s Guide to Integrating Writing, Critical Thinking, and Active Learning in the Classroom, by John C. Bean

• Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills(for mentees) and Commentary for Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills (for mentors), by John M. Swales & Christine B. Feak (especially good for non-native English speakers)

• Telling a Research Story: Writing a Literature Review, by Christine B. Feak & John M. Swales

• Writing to Learn, by William Zinsser

• Scientific Writing, by Claus O. Wilke

• A Short Guide to Academic Writing, by Andrew P. Johnson

• Style: The Basics of Clarity and Grace, by Joseph M. Williams and Joseph Bizup

• The Scientist's Guide to Writing: How to Write More Easily and Effectively throughout Your Scientific Career, by Stephen B. Heard

• Becoming an Academic Writer: 50 Exercises for Paced, Productive, and Powerful Writing, by Patricia Goodson

• Writing Your Dissertation in Fifteen Minutes a Day: A Guide to Starting, Revising, and Finishing Your Doctoral Thesis, by Joan Bolker

• How to Fix Your Academic Writing Trouble: A Practical Guide, by Inger Mewburn, Katherine Firth, and Shaun Lehmann

• Scientific Writing and Communication: Papers, Proposals, and Presentations, by Angelika H. Hofmann (addresses discipline, genre, rhetoric, and voice in the biosciences)

• Essentials of Writing Biomedical Research Papers, by Mimi Zeiger (provides real, concrete examples of how to structure and restructure language for publication)

• Writing Science: How to Write Papers That Get Cited and Proposals That Get Funded, by Joshua Schimel

• Writing Your Journal Article in Twelve Weeks: A Guide to Academic Publishing Success, by Wendy Laura Belcher

• Houston, We Have a Narrative: Why Science Needs Story, by Randy Olson

SPEAKING

• Advocacy and Inquiry Idioms: Helpful ‘templates’ that encourage trainees to speak up.

• How to Introduce a Speaker: Instructions to give trainees for introducing a seminar speaker.

• Informational Interviewing: Sample email template to request an informational interview and interview questions.

• Scientific Elevator Speeches: A Communication and Critical Thinking Tool (Erin Rieger, Puja Aggarwal, and Carrie Cameron, Medical Education)

• How to Talk to People, According to Terry Gross (Jolie Kerr, New York Times)

• Toastmasters: A nonprofit educational organization that teaches public speaking and leadership skills through a worldwide network of clubs.

• The surprising secret to speaking with confidence [video - see below; 18:55] (Caroline Goyder, TEDxBrixton): In this fun and personal talk, Caroline, voice coach and author of Gravitas: Communicate with Confidence, Influence and Authority, shares a story of moving from stage-paralysis to expressive self.

PRESENTING

• Scientific Presenting: Using Evidence-Based Classroom Practices to Deliver Effective Conference Presentations (Lisa A. Corwin, Amy Prunuske, and Shannon B. Seidel, CBE-Life Sciences Education)

• Presentation Tips for Designing and Delivering a Dynamic Research Talk (Cynthia Fuhrmann-Kelch, UCSF Office of Career and Professional Development)

• Orai and Speeko (iOS only): Speaking rehearsal apps.

• Speaker Coach: Presentation rehearsal tool built into PowerPoint for the web.

• Presentation Expressions: Helping people learn English presentation expressions and presentation tips for school or business since 2009.

• 10 Ways to Interact with Audience Members While You Present (Doug Neff, Duarte.com)

• The 1 Sentence That Will Make You a More Effective Speaker Every Time (Brenda Barbosa, Inc.com)

• How to Nail Every Presentation, According to TED’s Top Speaking Coach (Scott Mautz, Inc.com)

• 9 Public Speaking Lessons From the World’s Greatest TED Talks (Carmine Gallo, Forbes)

• TED Talks: The Official TED Guide to Public Speaking, by Chris Anderson (book)

• How to Answer Questions After Your Presentation: A quick guide for a variety of post-presentation question scenarios.

• The 110 techniques of communication and public speaking [video - see below; 16:51] (David JP Phillips, TEDxZagreb): The most important skills communicators use in order to deliver their message, compiled from 7 years studying 5000 speakers, amateurs and professionals.

SLIDE TIPS AND TRICKS

• Slide:ology: The Art and Science of Creating Great Presentations, by Nancy Duarte

• Resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences, by Nancy Duarte

• How to avoid death by Power Point [video - see below; 20:31] (David JP Phillips, TEDxStockholmSalon): PowerPoint tips from David Phillips, the leading Swedish figurehead in the art of making presentations.

• Designing effective scientific presentations: Using PowerPoint and structuring your talk [video - see below; 42:08] (Susan McConnell, Stanford University)

EXPECTATIONS AND STRUCTURE

• Accountability Strategies: SCOARE Mentor Workshop handout

• Ten simple rules for developing a mentor-mentee expectations document (Kristyn S. Master and Pamela K. Kreeger, PLOS Computational Biology)

• “My Ph.D. advisers expected weekly progress reports. I’m glad they did” (Pijar Religia, Science Careers Column)

• Scientific Communication Yearly Progress Report

• Calendly: A scheduling tool for organizing meetings with mentees.

• The Pygmalion Effect: Proving Them Right (Farnam Street): The Pygmalion Effect is a powerful secret weapon. Without even realizing it, we can nudge others towards success. In this article, discover how expectations can influence performance for better or worse.

• Zotero as a teaching tool for independent study courses, honors contracts, and undergraduate research mentoring ( Dyan E. Morgan, ASM Journals, Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• Acknowledgement Strategies: SCOARE Mentor Workshop handout

• The neuroscience behind appreciation | 90 Seconds w/ Lisa Kim [video - see below; 3:41] (Stanford Medicine): Two new studies led by Stanford Medicine researchers examined whether we work, behave and feel differently in virtual versus in-person interactions and what's going on in our brains. They found that while people generally worked just as effectively in both situations, online interactions tended to reduce a particular aspect of conversation known as turn-taking—switching speakers. In these virtual meetings, less turn-taking was linked to less positive feelings about the interaction.

FEEDBACK

• 9 Tips for Giving Better Editorial Feedback ((Mis)Adventures in Publishing blog)

• Effective Feedback for Better Learning (Natalie Saaris, Actively Learn)

• Directive Versus Facilitative Feedback (University of Groningen)

• Minimal Marking, Maximum Learning: Strategies for grading efficiently & effectively (Center for the Advancement of Teaching and Learning, Elon University)

• Thanks for the Feedback: The Science and Art of Receiving Feedback Well by Douglas Stone and Sheila Heen (book)

• Developing Feedback Resilience - webinar recording (NIH Becoming a Resilient Scientist Series, Unit 4)

GENERAL TIPS AND TRICKS

• Engagement Strategies: SCOARE Mentor Workshop handout

• General Scientific Communication Mentoring Tips & Tricks (Carrie Cameron)

• The Supervision Whisperers: A blog dedicated to the topic of supervising a thesis, co-edited by Dr Inger Mewburn, founder of The Thesis Whisperer and Director of Research Training at the Australian National University and Dr Evonne Miller, Director of QUT Design Lab, Creative Industries at Queensland University of Technology.

• The Art of Scholarly Mentoring (Robert Lefkowitz, Inside Higher Ed): Nobel Laureate Robert Lefkowitz shares 10 golden rules gleaned from a half century of mentoring hundreds of research trainees.

• We Don’t Need More STEM Majors. We Need More STEM Majors with Liberal Arts Training (Loretta Jackson-Hayes, Washington Post): The ability to draw from other disciplines produces better scientists.

• The surprising thing Google learned about its employees — and what it means for today’s students (Valerie Strauss & Cathy Davidson, Washington Post): Broad learning skills are the key to long-term, satisfying, productive careers.

• Learning to Communicate in Science and Engineering: Case Studies from MIT by Mya Poe, Neal Lerner, and Jennifer Craig (book)

• Working with Non-Native Speakers of English (L2's) [video - below; 50:32] (Carrie Cameron)

• Acknowledgement

• Feedback

• General Tips and Tricks

RESEARCH ARTICLES

• Essay content and style are strongly related to household income and SAT scores: Evidence from 60,000 undergraduate applications (Alvero, Giebel, Begre-Medhin, Antonio, Stevens & Domingue, 2021)

• Language and Linguistics on Trial: Hearing Rachel Jeantel (and Other Vernacular Speakers) in the Courtroom and Beyond (Rickford & King, 2016)
  [Note: After the second page the article gets rather technical; you can get the overview of what it’s about in the first 2 pages.]

• Language Matters: Considering Microaggressions in Science (Harrison & Tanner, 2018)

• Feeling Like an Imposter: The Effect of Perceived Classroom Competition on the Daily Psychological Experiences of First-Generation College Students (Canning, LaCosse, Kroeper, & Murphy, 2019)

OTHER ARTICLES

• Advancing scientific discourse in American Sign Language (Lualdi, Spiecker, Wooten & Clark, Nature Reviews Materials)

• The Biases We Hold Against the Way People Speak (John McWhorter, New York Times)

PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

• An Ancient Solution to Our Current Crisis of Connection (John Bowe, Guest Essay, New York Times)

• ‘Don’t Lose Your Accent!’ (Ilan Stavans, Guest Essay, New York Times)

• Everyone Has an Accent (Roberto Rey Agudo, New York Times)

• What does your accent say about you? (Melissa Hogenboom, BBC): Accents can be subject to subtle forms of prejudice, but does that mean some are more appealing and trustworthy than others?

• Sometimes ‘Proper’ Speech Isn’t ‘Correct’ Speech (John McWhorter, New York Times)

• John McWhorter’s column and newsletter (New York Times): Dr. McWhorter, a Columbia University linguist, explores how race and language shape our politics and culture.

• I Sound Like A Scholar [video - below; 3:10] (The Language & Life Project at NC State University): This short video showcases that scholars come from a variety of linguistic backgrounds and celebrates the diverse dialects of all of the student, faculty, and staff scholars at NC State.

• Hark the Sound of Dialect Diversity at UNC-Chapel Hill [video - below; 9:39]: This video was created as part of an initiative supported by Thrive@Carolina that seeks to explore and promote dialect diversity and awareness on UNC’s campus.

GENERAL COMMUNICATION GUIDES

• The MIT Communication Lab CommKit - A Peer-to-Peer Scientific Communication Resource for Graduate Students: A collection of guides to successful communication in the biological sciences, written by the MIT Broad Research Communication Lab Fellows.

• Nature Education's Scitable module on scientific communication: Short presentations on giving oral presentations, slide design, and answering questions, as well as materials on writing scientific papers.

COMMUNICATING WITH NON-EXPERT AUDIENCES

• 9 reasons why you should be doing science communication (Soph Talks Science)

• Scientists Are Turning Up The Volume (Greg Breining, AAMCNews): If scientists don’t advocate for their medical research, who will? More researchers are recognizing the importance of communicating with and engaging the community about their work.

• Opinion: Finding the plot in science storytelling in hopes of enhancing science communication (Martinez-Conde & Macknik, PNAS): Storytelling and narrative can help communicate science to nonexperts and improve the odds of science communication success.

• Guide for Communication (The Turing Way): This guide covers topics related to effective communication in research.

• ComSciCon: The Communicating Science workshop organized by graduate students, for graduate students.

• Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science: The Alda Center’s graduate and professional development programs help make science engaging and accessible.

• Taste of Science: An organization creating STEM-themed events in-person, and online with scientists, artists, communicators and you!

DATA VISUALIZATION

• Fundamentals of Data Visualization: A Primer on Making Informative and Compelling Figures (Claus O. Wilke)

• The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (Edward R. Tufte)

The following research articles were written and published by the SCOARE team:

• Helping mentors address scientific communication in STEM research training helps their mentees stay the course (2024)

• A scientific communication mentoring intervention benefits diverse mentees with language variety related discomfort (2023)

• Translating mentoring interventions research into practice: Evaluation of an evidence-based workshop for research mentors on developing trainees’ scientific communication skills (2022)

• Mentoring Barriers, Expected Outcomes, and Practices in Scientific Communication: Scale Development and Validation (2021)

• Identifying Effective Mentors in Scientific Communication: A Latent Profile Analysis of Mentor Beliefs (2020)

• The role of scientific communication in predicting science identity and research career intention (2020)

• Helping mentors foster trainees’ ability in scientific communication (2018)

• Validation of a Scale for Mentoring Practices Specific to Scientific Communication among Trainees (2018)

• Do you speak science? Dialect and its role in research training (2018)

• Assessment of Scientific Communication Self-Efficacy, Interest, and Outcome Expectations for Career Development in Academic Medicine (2016)

• The Role of Scientific Communication Skills in Trainees’ Intention to Pursue Biomedical Research Careers: A Social Cognitive Analysis (2015)

• The Development of Scientific Communication Skills: A Qualitative Study of the Perceptions of Trainees and Their Mentors (2013)

• Perspective: Publication Ethics and the Emerging Scientific Workforce: Understanding “Plagiarism” in a Global Context (2012)

• Bridging the Gap: Working Productively with ESL Authors (2007)